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Migrating from Apache2 to Lighttpd: Part 1 - Installing FastCGI, PHP5, Zend, eaccelerator

Posted in php4, php5, server, zend by ruru on the April 5th, 2009

Okay guys,

Before migrating to Lighttpd,
we need to recompile PHP to support FastCGI.

Folow the guide step by step.
It won’t take five minutes.

Promise

In case you messed up somewhere.
DON’T WORRY, it’s just one email / comment away ;)

Step 1)

Prepare location for installer

Code:
mkdir -p /root/INSTALL
cd /root/INSTALL

Step 2)

Install FastCGI

Code:
wget http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/fcgi.tar.gz
tar -zxvf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
cd fcgi-2.4.0
./configure
make
make install
cd ..

Step 3)

Rebuild PHP to support FastCGI

Code:
wget http://files.directadmin.com/services/customapache/php-5.2.9.tar.gz
wget http://files.directadmin.com/services/customapache/php-5.2.9-mail-header.patch
tar -zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
patch -p0 < php-5.2.9-mail-header.patch
cd php-5.2.9
./configure --enable-soap --with-libxml-dir=/usr/include/libxml2 \
--with-curl=/usr/local/lib --with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf --with-ttf --with-gettext \
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/lib \
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/lib --with-kerberos \
--with-openssl --with-mcrypt --with-mhash \
--with-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config \
--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/bin/mysql \
--with-pear --with-png-dir=/usr/local/lib \
--with-zlib --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/lib --enable-zip --with-iconv=/usr/local \
--enable-bcmath --enable-calendar --enable-ftp --enable-magic-quotes --enable-sockets \
--enable-mbstring --with-curlwrappers --enable-shared --enable-static \
--enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect
make
make install
cd ..

Step 4)

Install Zend Optimizer

Code:
wget http://files.directadmin.com/services/customapache/ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-i386
./install.sh
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
cd ..

Step 5)

Install eaccelerator

Code:
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3
make clean
export PHP_PREFIX="/usr/local"
$PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
./configure \
--enable-eaccelerator=shared \
--with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
make clean
make
make install
cd ..

Remember the location….

Quote:
[root@server eaccelerator-0.9.5.3]# make install

Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/

If you forgot the location of your eaccelerator,

find it using this command:

Code:
locate eaccelerator.so

Find the location of your php.ini

Code:
php -r "phpinfo();" | grep php.ini

Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/lib
Loaded Configuration File => /usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini

Now, edit php.ini

Code:
vi /usr/local/Zend/etc/php.ini

and add / modify this line…

Quote:
[Zend]
zend_extension=”/usr/local/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so”
zend_extension_manager.optimizer=/usr/local/Zend/lib/Optimizer-3.3.3
zend_extension_manager.optimizer_ts=/usr/local/Zend/lib/Optimizer_TS-3.3.3
zend_optimizer.version=3.3.3
zend_extension=/usr/local/Zend/lib/ZendExtensionManager.so
zend_extension_ts=/usr/local/Zend/lib/ZendExtensionManager_TS.so
eaccelerator.shm_size=”16″
eaccelerator.cache_dir=”/tmp/eaccelerator“
eaccelerator.enable=”1″
eaccelerator.optimizer=”1″
eaccelerator.check_mtime=”1″
eaccelerator.debug=”0″
eaccelerator.filter=”"
eaccelerator.shm_max=”0″
eaccelerator.shm_ttl=”0″
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=”0″
eaccelerator.shm_only=”0″
eaccelerator.compress=”1″
eaccelerator.compress_level=”9″

Create cache directory for eaccelerator

Code:
mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
chmod 0777 /tmp/eaccelerator

Step 6)

Check your php version

Make sure all work fine before we restart apache.

DO NOT restart apache before passing this step.

eaccelerator and Zend must be loaded properly…

Quote:
[root@server eaccelerator-0.9.5.3]# php -v
PHP 5.2.9 (cli) (built: Mar 23 2009 12:19:57)
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies
with eAccelerator v0.9.5.3, Copyright (c) 2004-2006 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator
with Zend Extension Manager v1.2.2, Copyright (c) 2003-2007, by Zend Technologies
with Zend Optimizer v3.3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2007, by Zend Technologies

php-cgi was compiled as fastcgi —> cgi-fcgi

Quote:
[root@server eaccelerator-0.9.5.3]# php-cgi -v
PHP 5.2.9 (cgi-fcgi) (built: Mar 23 2009 12:19:24)
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies
with eAccelerator v0.9.5.3, Copyright (c) 2004-2006 eAccelerator, by eAccelerator
with Zend Extension Manager v1.2.2, Copyright (c) 2003-2007, by Zend Technologies
with Zend Optimizer v3.3.3, Copyright (c) 1998-2007, by Zend Technologies

Step 7)

Restart apache

Code:
service httpd restart

Step 8 9 10 ….

Troubleshooting
and take a break.

Next … installing Lighttpd

0 Comments

Lighttpd vs Nginx (Apache Benchmark)

Posted in server by ruru on the March 21st, 2009

lighttpd-vs-nginx-apache-benchmarkContinuing previous post Lighttp vs Apache2
Now, i’ve done another test Lighttpd vs Nginx using Apache Benchmark

Benchmark parameter

ab -c 300 -n 1000 …

.
.
.
.
.
Nginx + spawn-fcgi
14:31:34 up 9 days, 21:39, 2 users, load average: 18.47, 7.77, 5.68

Server Software: nginx/0.6.35

Document Path: /
Document Length: 22355 bytes

Concurrency Level: 300
Time taken for tests: 45.095 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 120
(Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 120, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors: 0
Non-2xx responses: 119
Total transferred: 19941669 bytes
HTML transferred: 19740333 bytes
Requests per second: 22.18 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 13528.485 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 45.095 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 431.85 [Kbytes/sec] received

Lighttpd + spawn-fcgi
14:47:53 up 9 days, 21:55, 2 users, load average: 21.21, 6.73, 4.57

Server Software: lighttpd/1.4.22

Document Path: /
Document Length: 22388 bytes

Concurrency Level: 300
Time taken for tests: 42.815 seconds
Complete requests: 1000
Failed requests: 0
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 22599690 bytes
HTML transferred: 22388000 bytes
Requests per second: 23.36 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 12844.583 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 42.815 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 515.47 [Kbytes/sec] received

Conclusion: Lighttpd vs Nginx (Apache Benchmark)

Lighttpd gave me less error and slightly faster.

Nginx consume less resource, with slightly produce more error.
Setting low amount of worker thread will greatly reduce resource usage,
but couldn’t serve high concurrency.

Recommendation:

  • Use Nginx for Desktop based server,
  • and Lighttpd for Normal server.
  • Throw away Apache  :p

Edit:
I found the culprit that cause many errors on nginx was actually the spawn-fcgi parameters.
Nginx itself works smoothly beyond expectation.

I remark the conclusion. Both are great Apache2 replacement.

But, so far…
I coudn’t find a good numbers of childs to spawn and fork.
With nginx, it either crash my server (too high) or many failed requests (too low).

end of file … Lighttpd vs Nginx (Apache Benchmark)

2 Comments

Lighttpd+FastCgi+Php-Cli vs Apache2+mod_php

Posted in php4, php5, server by ruru on the March 16th, 2009

I heard a lot of good things about lighttpd and fastcgi.
People keep claiming that Lighttpd are faster than Apache2.
So here i want to prove it by myself.

If you’ve been on internet for more than 10 years,
you’ll understand that there’s a bunch of bullshit lying around.
I’m going to believe what i heard, only after i see it.

Took almost 2 days to setup the environment.
On my server, the monstrous AMD Phenom 9650 Quad Core with 4GB RAM,
coated with the best operating system in the world CentOS 5.2
(Didn’t i say there’s a bunch of bullshit on internet? You just heard one)

Okay, all set.

I install both:
Apache2 + mod_php, and Lighttpd/1.4.22 + FastCgi + Php-FCLI
Let me know if you need tutorial to put up these, i’ll post a guide by request.

Say the first configuration of Apache/2, i will name him [K]
and the second one is [L] which stands for Lighttpd.

Both [K] and [L] are on the same machine,
served on different static IP,
which you can purchase for $0.5-$3 per IP …
if you have a dedicated server.

Okay, let’s cut the crap.

I use ApacheBench, Version 2.3 as the judge.
Isn’t [L] one brave challenger here.
The situation doesn’t favor him.
I wish i can have LighttpdBench to keep the fight fair.

Oh, well i said stop the crap. Let’s go….

First round!!!!!

fight-round-1

Concurrency Level: 200
Complete requests: 1000

The result is..
Both has zero failed requests

[L] Requests per second: 67.22 [#/sec] (mean)
[K] Requests per second: 47.01 [#/sec] (mean)

WINNER: [L], FAST!
Clearly shown that [L] is 43% faster than [K]

Move to the second round!!!

fight-round-2

Concurrency Level: 400
Complete requests: 2000

[L] Failed requests: 22
[K] Failed requests: 1268

[L] Requests per second: 64.62 [#/sec] (mean)
[K] Requests per second: 87.53 [#/sec] (mean)

WINNER: [L]. HARD, STRONG, AND ROBUST.
At high concurrency level [L] has 0.0017339218158890290037831021437579% less failure than than [K]

FINAL ROUND!!!

fight-final

Concurrency Level: 100
Complete requests: 2000

[L]
Failed requests: 0
Requests per second: 65.47 [#/sec] (mean)

[K]
Failed requests: 7
Requests per second: 62.67 [#/sec] (mean)

WINNER: [L].
Given normal condition both perform almost equally,
but [L] is has less failure than [K]

Conclusion Lighttpd+FastCgi+Php-Cli vs Apache2+mod_php

[L] sitting in the corner with satisfied looks on his … her face.
Based on performance [L] beats [K] to dust
and send him fly thousand kilometer to the blue sky.
If performance is #1 int your life, then you must choose [L].

fight-winner

But remember, don’t overwhelmed with the benchmark result,
and these lovely pictures.

Benchmarking and tweaking is for poor people.
It took a lot of time just to improve the tiny bit of performance.

Take this into consideration.
Right now the majority are using Apache,
which means bunch of people swimming in this pool.

You might want to sacrifice performance,
spend less time on installation and tweaking,
and spend more money on hardware.

In the end, outcome is everything.
Means not only you have to cut hardware cost,
but also time for soft-optimization.

Later~

0 Comments

Use OpenDNS. Period!

Posted in server by ruru on the February 19th, 2009

Yesterday after changing the DNS for several domain, i experienced a huge delay.
It doesn’t change on my side for more than 24 hours.

I’m getting mad and called the hosting server.
The technician on the edge of their temper i believe :p,
explains to me that it’s been propagated perfectly.

I said no no no! There’s no change on my said.

Later i found out that the problem is on DNS Server of my ISP.
The records were cached there, and it took 2-3 days until refreshed.
I don’t like wasting every second just to wait
for my domain to work properly.

Quick search on this issue.
Browsed several pages of google result.

Got me landing on the OpenDNS Website.
Do a small task setting my DNS Server.

setting-up-opendns-on-vista

And refresh the cache from http://cache.opendns.com/
Works like a charm :D

0 Comments

First month result from SSEC … $108.91

Posted in cloaking by ruru on the February 15th, 2009

Just a quick update.
Last month i build couple thousand of pages from around a hundred of affiliate.
So far only 4 sponsors convert which gave me … *tada*
a whooping $47.3 from 1st afiliate network and $61.61 from second one.
Still not enough to cover the cost :(

Trying a couple of new techniques now.
Wish me luck!

0 Comments

Simplified search engine cloaker, the journey begins

Posted in cloaking by ruru on the January 5th, 2009

Despite of negative talks i read over BHW. I made up my mind to join SSEC, Simplified search engine cloaker. Actually fantomaster is my first choice, but my budget won’t allow. I thought it’s good to start with this one first.

I join without even knowing what cloaking is. I read the forum over and over.

First thing came up on my mind. This membership do over-price. I should’ve heard BHW ppl there.

Second opinion, this is nothing new to me. I’ve done it since years ago. I did it without even knowing what search engine cloaking is. My Gosh, i’m a genius! I just realized it.

Third opinion after hanging out for couple weeks. Brian, the owner, is pretty nice guy. I got impression though, people who start doing this since two three years ago … those who has hundreds or thousand posts on forum, is already on top of food pyramid. Che!

Fourth, the forum is pretty quiet. I can hear the echo. Maybe only around 50 active members over there. But wait!!! The forum is very active for a small community. Lot’s a cool guys there.

Fifth, I would keep my membership for couple months. Expect some updates from me. Simplified search engine cloaker, here we go!

0 Comments

Subdomain 301 Redirection using .htaccess

Posted in Uncategorized by ruru on the December 18th, 2008

I'm planning to post a lot more script, snipplets, whatever you called it. Mainly covering minisites, scraped pages, cycled pages, etc. Used properly, each of my post will help you making money. No guarantee. Period :P

So i pick a better name for my blog, and figure out that i need to redirect it to the new one. Here's the code i save it as .htaccess and put it on public_html/php folder:

PLAIN TEXT
PHP:
  1. RewriteEngine on
  2. RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^php.fallenray.com$ [OR]
  3. RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.php.fallenray.com$ [NC]
  4. RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://rainbowhatseo.fallenray.com/$1 [R=301,L]

My hosting use cPanel. It has the function to do this, but i simply doesn't satisfied with the result.
Above code will permanently (301) redirect from php.fallenray.com to rainbowhatseo.fallenray.com

0 Comments

Kohana and Zend, Killer Combo! The best PHP5 framework and library in one package.

Posted in kohanaphp, php5, zend by ruru on the December 14th, 2008

My current favorite php framework is kohana. After several weeks playing with it, i feel that KohanaPhp far exceed CakePHP and CodeIgniter. Now i want to buid a *secret* site, after taking a look around i found that Zend framework has a neat library providing many classes that i need. Take a look of this list, you'll get the idea:

  • Zend_Acl
  • Zend_Captcha
  • Zend_Feed
  • Zend_Gdata
  • Zend_Http
  • Zend_OpenId
  • Zend_Pdf
  • Zend_Rest
  • Zend_Service_Akismet
  • Zend_Service_Amazon
  • Zend_Service_Audioscrobbler
  • Zend_Service_Delicious
  • Zend_Service_Flickr
  • Zend_Service_Nirvanix
  • Zend_Service_ReCaptcha
  • Zend_Service_Simpy
  • Zend_Service_SlideShare
  • Zend_Service_StrikeIron
  • Zend_Service_Technorati
  • Zend_Service_Twitter
  • Zend_Service_Yahoo

I really love it, but i don't like zend framework itself. So i search around and found this cool tutorial.

It gives cool trick but doesn't work well, so i modify a bit.

Put the 'Zend' folder (unpacked from the Zend Framework package, under 'Library/') in Kohana installation's 'application/vendors/Zend' folder

Copy code below and paste it to a new file called Zend.php in application/libraries/.

PLAIN TEXT
PHP:
  1. /**
  2. * Zend Framework Loader
  3. *
  4. * Put the 'Zend' folder (unpacked from the Zend Framework package, under 'Library/')
  5. * in Kohana installation's 'application/vendors/Zend' folder
  6. * You can put it elsewhere but remember to alter the script accordingly
  7. *
  8. * Usage:
  9. *   Zend::instance('Zend/Package/Name');
  10. *   Zend::instance('Zend/Service/Yahoo');
  11. *
  12. * * the second usage is useful for autoloading the Zend Framework library
  13. * * Zend/Package/Name does not need the '.php' at the end
  14. */
  15. class Zend
  16. {
  17. /**
  18. * Returns a singleton instance of URI.
  19. *
  20. * @return  object
  21. */
  22. public static function instance($class = NULL)
  23. {
  24. static $instance;
  25.  
  26. // Create the singleton
  27. if ($instance == NULL)
  28. {
  29. // Initialize the URI instance
  30. $instance = new Zend($class);
  31. } else
  32. {
  33. $instance-&gt;load($class);
  34. }
  35.  
  36. return $instance;
  37. }
  38.  
  39. /**
  40. * Constructor
  41. *
  42. * @param    string $class class name
  43. */
  44. function __construct($class = NULL)
  45. {
  46. // include path for Zend Framework
  47. // alter it accordingly if you have put the 'Zend' folder elsewhere
  48. ini_set('include_path',
  49. ini_get('include_path') . PATH_SEPARATOR . APPPATH . 'vendors');
  50.  
  51. if ($class)
  52. {
  53. require_once (string) $class . EXT;
  54. //Log::add('debug', "Zend Class $class Loaded");
  55. }
  56. else
  57. {
  58. //Log::add('debug', "Zend Class Initialized");
  59. }
  60. }
  61.  
  62. /**
  63. * Zend Class Loader
  64. *
  65. * @param    string $class class name
  66. */
  67. function load($class)
  68. {
  69. require_once (string) $class . EXT;
  70. //Log::add('debug', "Zend Class $class Loaded");
  71. }
  72.  
  73. }

Do you have trouble figuring out how to use it?
See an example below, you'll get a nice grab just within seconds:

PLAIN TEXT
PHP:
  1. class Welcome_Controller extends Controller {
  2.  
  3. public function index()
  4. {
  5. $zend = Zend::instance('Zend/Service/Yahoo');
  6. $yahoo = new Zend_Service_Yahoo('zendtesting');
  7. $keywords = "kitty";
  8. $results = $yahoo-&gt;imageSearch($keywords, array("results" =&gt; 5));
  9.  
  10. if ($results-&gt;totalResults()&gt; 0) {
  13. <p id="image">';
  15. <h2>Image Search Results</h2>
  16. ';
  17. foreach ($results as $result) {
  18. echo "<a href="http://php.fallenray.com/wp-admin/%7B$result-%3EClickUrl%7D" title="$result-&gt;Title"><img src="http://php.fallenray.com/wp-admin/%7B$result-%3EThumbnail-%3EUrl-%3EgetUri%28%29%7D" /></a>";
  19. }
  22. ';
  23. }
  24. }
  25.  
  26. }

Another way to do this also posted as an updated tutorial. Things are getting much simpler now. I still liked my own twisted approach though :p

Also you might want to check out the official tutorial.

Happy ending, i can use the best PHP5 frameworks along with the best PHP5 library. It cannot get better than this. Try it, if you miss this you'll be sorry.

1 Comment

PHP5: Screen scraping with DOM and XPath

Posted in php5 by ruru on the March 6th, 2008

This tutorial is continuation from previous yahoo screen-scraping using PHP4 tutorial.
We will try different method using DOM and XPath which only supported in PHP5.

First, a bit knowledge of XPath is required. More about XPATH can be read on:
http://www.zvon.org/xxl/XPathTutorial/General/examples.html

Also there's small concern that using XPATH is a bit slower than pure DOM Traversal. Read Speed: DOM traversal vs. XPath in PHP 5
But i personally also think that XPath is neat and easier.

Let's start. First we diagnose document structure using Mozilla Firebug.
Try a very easy case, which is to grab the title "Top Movies":

Copy XPath using Firebug and get this query:

/html/body/center/table[8]/tbody/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tbody/tr/td/font/b

  1. Firefox automatically fix broken html structure, and it also add tbody tag. So, we need to remove this tag.
  2. Only grab first row of table. Change .../tr/td/font/b into .../tr[1]/td/font/b

Now we get our first XPath query:

/html/body/center/table[8]/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tr[1]/td/font

Next harder case is to grab contents.

XPath query from Firebug is:

/html/body/center/table[8]/tbody/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]/a/font/b

  1. Same problem here. Firefox automatically fix broken html structure, and it also add tbody tag. Remove tbody tag from XPath query.
  2. Grab all row of table. Change .../tr[2]/td[2]/a/font/b into .../tr/td[2]/a/font/b

Final XPath query for content is:

/html/body/center/table[8]/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tr/td[2]/a/font/b

Now final step is to put all two XPath queries into few lines of code, and we're done:

PLAIN TEXT
PHP:
  1. <?php
  2.     error_reporting(E_ERROR);// | E_WARNING | E_PARSE);
  3.     include ('Snoopy.class.php');
  4.    
  5.     $snooper = new Snoopy();
  6.     if ($snooper->fetch('http://movies.yahoo.com/mv/boxoffice/')) {
  7.         $dom = new DomDocument();
  8.         $dom->loadHTML($snooper->results);
  9.        
  10.         $x = new DomXPath($dom);
  11.  
  12.         //  /html/body/center/table[8]/tbody/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tbody/tr/td/font/b
  13.         $nodes = $x->query('/html/body/center/table[8]/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tr[1]/td/font/b');
  14.         echo $nodes->item(0)->nodeValue, "<br/>\n"; //Top Movies
  15.  
  16.         //  /html/body/center/table[8]/tbody/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]/a/font/b
  17.         $nodes = $x->query('/html/body/center/table[8]/tr/td[5]/table[4]/tr/td[2]/a/font/b');
  18.         foreach ($nodes as $node) {
  19.             echo $node->nodeValue, "<br/>\n";
  20.         }
  21.     }
  22. ?>

Tags: php5, screen scraping, code example

4 Comments

CakePHP: How to add Search Engine Friendly (SEF) URLs

Posted in cakephp by ruru on the February 18th, 2008

How many times you wondered how great it would be if your URLs didn't look so much like:
http://www.server.com/posts/view/1058

But more like:
http://www.server.com/posts/view/my_first_post

Read the rest on:
http://bakery.cakephp.org/articles/view/adding-friendly-urls-to-the-cake-blog-tutorial

0 Comments
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